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91.
A one pot method for the synthesis of ethyl 2-acetoxy-6-aroylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylates and ethyl 2-acetoxy-6-heterocarbonylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylates through Michael addition of the anions of ethyl carbonates of cyanohydrins to cyclohex-2-en-1-one and subsequent reaction with acetic anhydride is described. These compounds are potential intermediates for the synthesis of 9,10-anthraquinone and heterofused 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. 相似文献
92.
Johanna Méndez Arias Anelize de Oliveira Moraes Luiz Felipe Amarante Modesto Aline Machado de Castro Nei Pereira Jr 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2017,181(2):593-603
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated with the purpose of evaluating their influence on enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse. Effects of these supplements were assayed for different enzymatic cocktails (Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium funiculosum) that acted on lignocellulosic material submitted to different pretreatment methods with varying solid (25 and 100 g/L) and protein (7.5 and 20 mg/g cellulose) loadings. The highest levels of glucose release were achieved using partially delignified cellulignin as substrate, along with the T. harzianum cocktail: increases of 14 and 18 % for 25 g/L solid loadings and of 33 and 43 % for 100 g/L solid loadings were reached for BSA and PEG supplementation, respectively. Addition of these supplements could maintain hydrolysis yield even for higher solid loadings, but for higher enzymatic cocktail protein loadings, increases in glucose release were not observed. Results indicate that synergism might occur among these additives and cellulase and xylanases. The use of these supplements, besides depending on factors such as pretreatment method of sugarcane bagasse, enzymatic cocktails composition, and solid and protein loadings, may not always lead to positive effects on the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic material, making it necessary further statistical studies, according to process conditions. 相似文献
93.
Efficient Evaluation of the Elastic Forces and the Jacobian in the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper develops a new procedure for evaluating the elastic forces, the elastic energy and the jacobian of the elastic
forces in the absolute nodal coordinate formulation. For this procedure, it is fundamental to use some invariant sparse matrices
that are integrated in advance and have the property of transforming the evaluation of the elastic forces in a matrix multiplication
process. The use of the invariant matrices avoids the integration over the volume of the element for every evaluation of the
elastic forces. Great advantages can be achieved from these invariant matrices when evaluating the elastic energy and calculating
the jacobian of the elastic forces as well. The exact expression of the jacobian of the differential system of equations of
motion is obtained, and some advantages of using the absolute nodal coordinate formulation are pointed out. Numerical results
show that there is important time saving as a result of the use of the invariant matrices. 相似文献
94.
Signori AM Santos Kde O Eising R Albuquerque BL Giacomelli FC Domingos JB 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2010,26(22):17772-17779
A new and straightforward method for screening highly catalytically active silver nanoparticle-polymer composites derived from branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) is reported. The one-step systematic derivatization of the PEI scaffold with alkyl (butyl or octyl) and ethanolic groups led to a structural diversity correlated to the stabilization of silver nanoparticles and catalysis. Analysis of PEI derivative libraries identified a silver nanoparticle-polymer composite that was able to efficiently catalyze the p-nitrophenol reduction by NaBH(4) in water with a rate constant normalized to the surface area of the nanoparticles per unit volume (k(1)) of 0.57 s(-1) m(-2) L. Carried out in the presence of excess NaBH(4), the catalytic reaction was observed to follow pseudo-first-order kinetics and the apparent rate constant was linearly dependent on the total surface area of the silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), indicating that catalysis takes place on the surface of the nanoparticles. All reaction kinetics presented induction periods, which were dependent on the concentration of substrates, the total surface of the nanoparticles, and the polymer composition. All data indicated that this induction time is related to the resistance to substrate diffusion through the polymer support. Hydrophobic effects are also assumed to play an important role in the catalysis, through an increase in the local substrate concentration. 相似文献
95.
Elena Gómez Noelia Calvar Ángeles Domínguez Eugénia A. Macedo 《The Journal of chemical thermodynamics》2010,42(11):1324-1329
In this paper, the ionic liquids 1,2-diethylpyridinium ethylsulfate, EEpyESO4; 1-methylpyridinium methylsulfate, MpyMSO4; 1,3-dimethylpyridinium methylsulfate, MMpyMSO4; and 2-ethyl-1-methylpyridinium methylsulfate, EMpyMSO4; were synthesized in our laboratory, and their experimental densities, speeds of sound, dynamic viscosities, and refractive indices were studied as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure. Thermal expansion coefficient, molar volume, and molar refraction of these ionic liquids were calculated from the experimental density and refractive index values. 相似文献
96.
Selenium is a trace element of environmental relevance. Studies on its solution chemistry are scarce and were mostly carried
out under experimental conditions of little relevance to environmental research. Thus, we have performed new studies of selenium
speciation in solutions of low ionic strength, in contrast to those prevailing in the literature data. In this work, potentiometric
titrations (at 20.0 °C, and I=0.15 mol⋅L−1 NaClO4) were carried out for systems containing Se(VI) or Se(IV) oxyanions and divalent metal ions (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Fe, Co,
Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, and Pb). Ion pairs such as [M(SeO4)] and [M(HSeO4)2], or [M(HSeO3)]+ and [M(SeO3)], exist in solutions. The data reported here provide the basis for determining selenium speciation in natural aquatic systems,
on which the bioavailability and toxicity of this element depends. 相似文献
97.
Aline Machado de Castro Kelly Cristina Nascimento Rodrigues Pedro Juliana Cunha da Cruz Marcela Costa Ferreira Selma Gomes Ferreira Leite Nei Pereira 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2010,162(7):2111-2122
Sugarcane bagasse is an agroindustrial residue generated in large amounts in Brazil. This biomass can be used for the production
of cellulases, aiming at their use in second-generation processes for bioethanol production. Therefore, this work reports
the ability of a fungal strain, Trichoderma harzianum IOC-4038, to produce cellulases on a novel material, xylan free and cellulose rich, generated from sugarcane bagasse, named
partially delignified cellulignin. The extract produced by T. harzianum under submerged conditions reached 745, 97, and 559 U L−1 of β-glucosidase, FPase, and endoglucanase activities, respectively. The partial characterization of this enzyme complex
indicated, using a dual analysis, that the optimal pH values for the biocatalysis ranged from 4.9 to 5.2 and optimal temperatures
were between 47 and 54 °C, depending on the activity studied. Thermal stability analyses revealed no significant decrease
in activity at 37 °C during 23 h of incubation. When compared to model strains, Aspergillus niger ATCC-16404 and Trichoderma reesei RutC30, T. harzianum fermentation was faster and its extract showed a better balanced enzyme complex, with adequate characteristics for its application
in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation processes. 相似文献
98.
Karina B. Hueso Domínguez Ildikó V. Tóth M. Renata S. Souto Filipa Mendes Cándido García De María Isabel Vasconcelos António O. S. S. Rangel 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2010,160(6):1664-1673
A sequential injection system to monitor glycerol in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation process was developed. The method relies on the rate of formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in its
reduced form (NADH, measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm) from the reaction of glycerol with NAD+ cofactor, catalysed by the enzyme glycerol dehydrogenase present in solution. This procedure enables the determination of
glycerol between 0.046 and 0.46 g/l, (corresponding to yeast fermentation samples with concentrations up to 50 g/l) with good
repeatability (relative standard deviation for n = 10 lower than 2.2% for three different samples) at a sampling frequency of 25/h. The detection and quantification limits
using a miniaturised spectrophotometer were 0.13 and 0.44 mM, respectively. Reagent consumption was of 0.45 μmol NAD+ and 1.8 μg enzyme per assay, and the waste production was 2.8 ml per determination. Results obtained for samples were in
agreement with those obtained with a high-performance liquid chromatography method. 相似文献
99.
Antonio Doménech-Carbó María Teresa Doménech-Carbó Marina Calisti Vincenzo Maiolo 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2010,14(3):465-477
An electrochemical method for identifying anthraquinonic, naphthoquinonic, and related dyes in microsamples is reported. This
method is based on the sequential application of oxidative and reductive constant-potential polarization steps coupled with
the record of square wave voltammograms to solid microsamples of dyes in contact with aqueous electrolytes. As a result, oxidized/reduced
products form a layer on the lateral faces of the dye crystals as suggested by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy data. This methodology is applied for characterizing alizarin, purpurin,
and natural dyes aloe, cochineal red, madder lake, kermes, shellac, and henna attached to paraffin-impregnated graphite electrodes
in contact with aqueous potassium phosphate buffer. 相似文献
100.
Isabel Martínez-Lázaro Antonio Doménech-Carbó María Teresa Doménech-Carbó María Teresa Pastor-Valls Vicente Amigó-Borrás 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2010,14(3):437-447
A combination of different electrochemical techniques, namely, voltammetry of microparticles, open circuit potential, potentiodynamic
polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and electrochemical noise was used for studying a contemporary kinetic
sculpture: “I Hábitat en órbita baja de la Tierra” (1 Habitat in low-orbit around the Earth, Elvira Alfageme, 1981). It introduced
the concept of ‘electrochemical equivalence’ in order to evaluate alternative conservative treatments consisting of doré and golden patination. Electrochemical information is relevant with regard to aesthetic and ethic problems associated to
the conservation/restoration of works of art. 相似文献